PartⅠ Structure and Vocabulary
Section A:
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
1. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed ___ .
A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D. had been produced
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ___ in the public mind today.
A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed
3. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ___ his argument in favor of the new theory.
A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on
4. ___ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody
5. How many of us ___ , say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended
6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ___ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that C. in that D. provided that
7. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ___ in a personal one.
A. rather than B. other than C. better than D. less than
8. ___ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
A. What B. That C. It D. As
9. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative force ____ stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
A. by B. with C. at D. on
10. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ___ the atmosphere.
A. as it is B. the same as C. so is D. and so is
Section B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
11. The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even
A B
minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.
C D
12. In debating one must connect the opponent's facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as
A B C
proof, unless relevant, is sufficient.
D
13. We are not conscious of the extent of which provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a
A B C D
full and an empty life.
14. The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man was Prince Henry the
A B C D
navigator, who lived in the 15th century.
15. Accounts of scientific experiments are generally correct for those write about science are careful in checking the
A B C D
accuracy of their reports.
16. whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people to have
A B C D
affected.
17. It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that we shall soon be trusting our health, wealth and happiness to elements with
A B
whom very names the general public are unfamiliar.
C D
18. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health
A B
than the United States does.
C D
19. There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked research projects will account for an improvement
A B
in the standard of living or, alternately, to do much to protect our diminishing resources.
C D
20. If individuals are awakened each time as they begin a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even
A B
though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.
C D
Section C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly ___ if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.
A. admired B. regarded C. expected D. worshipped
22. A ___ of the long report by the budget committed was submitted to the mayor for approval.
A. shorthand B. scheme C. schedule D. sketch
23. A man has to make ___ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.
A. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment
24. The newly-built Science Building seems ____ enough to last a hundred years.
A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. steady
25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are ___ free medical care.
A. entitled to B. involved in C. associated with D. assigned to
26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at ___ .
A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat
27. I felt ___ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's speech.
A. fatigued B. tired C. exhausted D. bored
28. When the engine would into start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at ___ .
A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty
29. Your advice would be ___ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.
A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively
30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ___ the consequences.
A. answer for B. run into C. abide by D. step into
31. The river is already ___ its bans because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
A. parallel to B. level in C. flat on D. flush with
32. People ___ that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today.
A. convinced B. anticipated C. resolved D. assured
33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ___ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programmed for the reading skills.
A. adapted B. acknowledged C. assembled D. appointed
34. The mother said she would ___ her son washing the dished If he could finish his assignment before supper.
A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out
35. We should always keep in mind that ___ decisions often lead to bitter regrets.
A. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt
36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ___ in the dictionary.
A. missing B. losing C dropping D. leaking
37. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women ___ this field is climbing.
A. engaging B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing
38. The supervisor didn't have time so far to go into it ___ , but he gave us an idea about his plan.
A. at hand B. in turn C. in conclusion D. at length
39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest ____ of being met.
A. prospect B. prediction C. prosperity D. permission
40. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a ___ way when in a furious state.
A. stable B. rational C. legal D. credible
Part II Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.
For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 1OO percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had crashed.
41. (A) Either (B) Neither (C) Each (D) Any
42. (A) intended (B) required (C) assumed (D) inferred
43. (A) subtle (B) obvious (C) mysterious (D) doubtful
44. (A) maintained (B) described (C) settled (D) afforded
45. (A) in the light (B) by virtue (C) with the exception (D) for the purpose
46. (A) reduction (B) destruction (C) deprivation (D) restriction
47. (A) upon (B) by (C) through (D) with
48. (A) paid attention to (B) caught sight of (C) laid emphasis on (D) cast light on
49. (A) develop (B) produce (C) stimulate (D) induce
50. (A) if (B) as if (C) only if (D) if only
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
If its message were confined merely to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive----advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.
51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ___ .
(A) he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
(B) everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
(C) advertising costs money like everything else
(D) it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?
(A) Securing greater fame.
(B) Providing more jobs.
(C) Enhancing living standards.
(D) Reducing newspaper cost.
53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ___ .
(A) very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
(B) interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
(C) correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
(D) obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author's opinion, ___ .
(A) advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing
(B) advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over
(C) there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
(D) the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement
Passage 2
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see our-selves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.
55. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then ___ .
(A) he has given up his smoking habit
(B) he has made great efforts in his work
(C) he is keen on learning anything new
(D) he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
56. In the author's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would ___ .
(A) succeed in climbing up the social ladder
(B) judge his ability to glow from his own achievements
(C) face difficulties and take up challenges
(D) aim high and reach his goal each time
57. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, para. 3) he is referring to ___ .
(A) a new approach to experiencing the world
(B) a new way of taking risks
(C) a new method of perceiving ourselves
(D) a new system of adaptation to change
58. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except ___ .
(A) curiosity about more chances
(B) promptness in self-adaptation
( C) open-mindedness to new experiences
(D) avoidance of internal fears and doubts
Passage 3
In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity , the need for information is of greatest importance.
Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
59. The word "it" (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to ___ .
(A) the lack of stable communities
(B) the breakdown of informal information channels
(C) the increased mobility of families
(D) the growing number of people moving from place to place
60. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that ___ .
(A) they have to learn new things consciously
(B) they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information
(C) they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
(D) they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family
61. From the passage we can infer that ___ .
(A) electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
(B) it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era
(C) people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
(D) events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
62. We can learn from the last paragraph that ___ .
(A) it is necessary to obtain as much
(B) people should make the best use of the information
(C) we should realize the importance of accumulating information .
(D) it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Passage 4
Personality is to a large extent inherent--A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying: ' Rejoice, we conquer! '
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B's. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
63. According to the passage , A-type individuals are usually ___ .
(A) impatient (B) considerate (C) aggressive (D) agreeable
64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ___ .
(A) the pressure is too great on the students
(B) some students are bound to fail
(C) failure rates are too high
(D) the results of examinations are doubtful
65. The selection of medical professionals are currently based on ___ .
(A) candidates' sensitivity
(B) academic achievements
(C) competitive spirit
(D) surer values
66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ___ .
(A) the personality of a child is well established at birth
(B) family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics
(C) the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors
(D) B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
Passage 5
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting (output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
67. From the evolutionary point of view, ___ .
(A) forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive
(B) if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive
(C) the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual's adaptability
(D) sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
68. According to the passage, if a person never forgot, ___ .
(A) he would survive best
(B) he would have a lot of trouble
(C) his ability to learn would be enhanced
(D) the evolution of memory would stop
69. From the last paragraph we know that ___ .
(A) forgetfulness is a response to learning
(B) the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system
(C) memory is a compensation for forgetting
(D) the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs
70. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function of__.
(A) remembering (B) forgetting (C) adapting (D) experiencing
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
Directions:
Reading the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)
The standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. 71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. 73) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do. 75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
Part Ⅴ Writing (15 points)
DIRECTIONS :
A. Title: THE "PROJECT HOPE"
B. Time limit: 40 minutes
C. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country " .
E. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLINE:
1. Present situation
2. Necessity of the project
3. My suggestion
答案:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10.C
11. A, reflect 12. D, if 13. B, to which 14. D, being 15. C, writing about 或 who write about
16. D, affected 17. C, whose 18. C, as 19. C, do much 20. B, each time
21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. B
41.答案是［B］。根据上下文逻辑和词义。Neither两者中任何一都不，表示二选一的否定。句子中at all用于否定句，表示一点也不，完全不，用以加强语气。［A］Either两者之中任何一个，一般用于肯定句。［C］Each每一个，无否定意思。［D］Any做任何一个意思时，用于肯定句，多指三个以上不定的概念。
42.答案是［C］。根据上下文逻辑和句意。assumed假定，认为，和前半句中的not at all well-understood(没有充分了解)意思吻合。［A］intended计划，想要，打算。例子：He intended to study abroad next year.他打算明年出国留学。［B］required要求，需要。例子：He only did what he was required of him.他只做了要求他做的事。［D］inferred由……推断，推论，常用短语：infer... from...例子：We infer from his letter that he is not happy at all.从他的信中我们推断他一点都不高兴。
43.答案是［C］。根据上下文逻辑关系。mysterious神秘的，难以理解的，不可思议的句中的even (更加，用来加强语气)可做提示词。［A］subtle微妙的，精细的；(由于精细和精巧而)难以觉察和描述形容的。例子：subtle distinction细微的差别，subtle charm难以形容的魅力。［B］obvious明显的。［D］doubtful怀疑的，不肯定的。
44.答案是［B］。根据语法逻辑和词义。这里需要一个过去分词做定语，修饰those(指代experiments)，described描写，描述，意思贴切。［A］maintained继续，维持。例子：maintain friendly relations保持友好关系，maintain silence保持沉默，maintain law and order维持治安，maintain one's right维护个人权利。［C］settled解决，应付，安排好；定居。例子：settle a problem解决问题，settle a dispute解决争端。［D］afforded负担得起，承担得了，经常与can/could连用。例子：I enjoy traveling but I can't afford the time.我喜欢度假，但是抽不出时间。afford a computer买得起电脑。这三项选词都不能与experiment搭配。
45.答案是［D］。根据是上下文句意和词义搭配。这句话的意思是：在会议上，专家们首次描述了一些新的实验，对眼球非快速移动睡眠的作用提出了令人着迷的解释。for the purpose of解释了……的目的，这个选项在这里应该分为两部分理解：explanation for和the purpose of。选项前面的explanation提示了后面的介词搭配应该是for，固定搭配explanation for阐明，说明，解释……。例子：That is not an adequate explanation for what you have done.那不足以说明你所做的一切。特别提示：for the purpose of在这里的意思并不是为……的目的。［A］in the light经常用于短语in the light of根据，考虑到。例子：in the light of recent research根据最新的研究，in the light of modern knowledge根据现代知识。We have revised our plan in the light of these changes.我们已经根据这些变化修改了计划。［B］by virtue经常用于短语by virtue of凭借，由于，因为。例子：He got the job by virtue of his ability.他凭借自己的能力获得了那份工作。［C］with the exception除了……。例子：All the students passed the exam with the exception of Tom and Huck.所有的学生都通过了考试，除了汤姆和汉克。
46.答案是［C］。根据是词义和词语搭配。deprivation剥夺，丧失。这里表示剥夺老鼠的睡眠。例子：suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen.公民权遭剥夺。［A］reduction减少。例子：reduction in cost减少成本，sell at reduction减价出售。［B］destruction毁坏，破坏。例子：destruction of a town摧毁一座城镇。The storm caused great destruction.暴风造成了巨大损失。［D］restriction限制，制约。例子：They are under many restrictions.他们受到许多限制。restriction of speed / price速度限制，价格限制，legal restriction法律限制。
47.答案是［A］。根据词的用法。短文中这句话意思是：当检查动物的尸体时，却发现动物看起来一切正常。upon后接名词或动名词，表示时间，意思是当……的时候；一……就……。例子：Upon arrival, they went in search of a hotel.他们一到就开始找旅馆。She was very happy upon seeing her children make progress in studies.看到孩子们在学习上的进步她很高兴。［B］by凭借(手法，手段)，根据。例子：Most people are paid by the month.多数人按月领工资。［C］through用……方法，通过。例子：go in through the window从窗户进屋。［D］with用某种工具或方法。例子：The old man walks with a stick.老人拄着拐杖走路。这三个介词短语在句子中做方式状语，文章句子的逻辑主语是the animals，意思显然不通。
48.答案是［D］。根据是上下文句意。cast light on阐明，说明，使人了解。例子：Research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究进一步说明了这种疾病的原因。［A］paid attention to注意。［B］caught sight of看见。［C］laid emphasis on强调(特殊性、意义和价值等)。
49.答案是［A］。根据句意和词义搭配。文章中symptoms of influenza developed意思是：流感的症候出现了。develop患(病)，显现，符合句意。例子：He developed a cold last week.上周他得了感冒。develop a cough咳嗽。［B］produce生产，制造；导致，引起。例子：The medicine produced a violent reaction.这种药引起了强烈反应。［C］stimulate刺激，激发，鼓励。例子：The speech stimulated students' interest in astronomy.这个讲座激发了学生对天文学的兴趣。［D］induce劝导，促使；诱导，引诱。例子：What induced Tom to do such a stupid thing?是什么让汤姆做了这么一件蠢事？
50.答案是［B］。根据语法分析和词语用法。从语法结构上分析，这里主从句时态不一致，主句是一般现在时，从句却是过去完成时。所以，从句用的是虚拟语气。as if好像，多引导虚拟语气句。特别注意的用法是：如果前面的动词是look, seem, taste, smell等，从句用一般时态。例子：The milk tastes as if it has gone bad.牛奶闻起来好像坏了。It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来像是要下雨。［A］if如果，引导一般条件句，表示在一定条件下可能发生的事实。［C］only if只要在……条件下，引导真实条件句，而且用在句首时句子要倒装。例子：Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the laboratory.只有得到教师许可，学生才能进入实验室。［D］if only但愿；要是……就好了，引导虚拟语气句，用来表示愿望。例子：If only I could fly.要是我能飞就好了。
51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. C
61. A 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. B
71．把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72．这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73．因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74．一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75．例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
短文写作
The "Hope Project"
Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. Without a well-educated population, China will not be able to achieve its planned economic growth, to catch up with the more developed nations technologically, or to greatly improve the living standard of its people. Yet according to recent statistics, there are over 2 million school-age children who have dropped out of school in the poverty stricken areas of the countryside.
To help those poor kids go back to school, money seems to be the biggest problem. As there are thousands of things to be done in the full scale reconstruction of our economy, our government simply does not have enough money to help all those poor kids in time. And most parents of the school drop-outs are unable to raise the money needed to give their children a decent education. So a nation-wide drive called the Hope Project has been launched to rescue those children from a life of illiteracy and ignorance.
The hope project is both necessary and timely to alleviate the government part of its financial problem. It also brings hope to the deprived children. But we need more than a Hope Project based on the love and generosity of ordinary citizens. Only by laying greater emphasis on the importance of learning and knowledge and establishing a better funded public education system can we guarantee the realization of the hopes cherished by all the children in China. |
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